Reviewing subduction initiation and the origin of plate tectonics: What do we learn from present-day Earth?

The theory of plate tectonics came together in the 1960s, achieving wide acceptance after 1968. Since then it has been most successful framework for investigations Earth’s evolution. Subduction oceanic lithosphere, as engine that drives tectonics, played a key role theory. However, one biggest unanswered questions Earth science is how first subduction was initiated, and hence began. main challenge strong lithosphere could break bend if tectonics-related weakness slab-pull force were both absent. In this work we review state-of-the-art initiation (SI) models with focus on their prerequisites related driving mechanisms. We note plume-lithosphere-interaction mantle-convection do not rely operation existing thus may be capable explaining SI. Re-investigation plate-driving mechanisms reveals mantle drag missing surface plates, triggering subduction. propose composite mechanism, suggesting driven by subducting slabs convection currents mantle. also discuss try to answer following question: Why observed only Earth?